AliasAnalysis.h

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//===- llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h - Alias Analysis Interface -*- C++ -*-===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines the generic AliasAnalysis interface, which is used as the
// common interface used by all clients of alias analysis information, and
// implemented by all alias analysis implementations.  Mod/Ref information is
// also captured by this interface.
//
// Implementations of this interface must implement the various virtual methods,
// which automatically provides functionality for the entire suite of client
// APIs.
//
// This API represents memory as a (Pointer, Size) pair.  The Pointer component
// specifies the base memory address of the region, the Size specifies how large
// of an area is being queried.  If Size is 0, two pointers only alias if they
// are exactly equal.  If size is greater than zero, but small, the two pointers
// alias if the areas pointed to overlap.  If the size is very large (ie, ~0U),
// then the two pointers alias if they may be pointing to components of the same
// memory object.  Pointers that point to two completely different objects in
// memory never alias, regardless of the value of the Size component.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_ANALYSIS_ALIAS_ANALYSIS_H
#define LLVM_ANALYSIS_ALIAS_ANALYSIS_H

#include "llvm/Support/CallSite.h"
#include "llvm/System/IncludeFile.h"
#include <vector>

namespace llvm {

class LoadInst;
class StoreInst;
class VAArgInst;
class TargetData;
class Pass;
class AnalysisUsage;

class AliasAnalysis {
protected:
  const TargetData *TD;
  AliasAnalysis *AA;       // Previous Alias Analysis to chain to.

  /// InitializeAliasAnalysis - Subclasses must call this method to initialize
  /// the AliasAnalysis interface before any other methods are called.  This is
  /// typically called by the run* methods of these subclasses.  This may be
  /// called multiple times.
  ///
  void InitializeAliasAnalysis(Pass *P);

  /// getAnalysisUsage - All alias analysis implementations should invoke this
  /// directly (using AliasAnalysis::getAnalysisUsage(AU)) to make sure that
  /// TargetData is required by the pass.
  virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const;

public:
  static char ID; // Class identification, replacement for typeinfo
  AliasAnalysis() : TD(0), AA(0) {}
  virtual ~AliasAnalysis();  // We want to be subclassed

  /// getTargetData - Every alias analysis implementation depends on the size of
  /// data items in the current Target.  This provides a uniform way to handle
  /// it.
  ///
  const TargetData &getTargetData() const { return *TD; }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  /// Alias Queries...
  ///

  /// Alias analysis result - Either we know for sure that it does not alias, we
  /// know for sure it must alias, or we don't know anything: The two pointers
  /// _might_ alias.  This enum is designed so you can do things like:
  ///     if (AA.alias(P1, P2)) { ... }
  /// to check to see if two pointers might alias.
  ///
  enum AliasResult { NoAlias = 0, MayAlias = 1, MustAlias = 2 };

  /// alias - The main low level interface to the alias analysis implementation.
  /// Returns a Result indicating whether the two pointers are aliased to each
  /// other.  This is the interface that must be implemented by specific alias
  /// analysis implementations.
  ///
  virtual AliasResult alias(const Value *V1, unsigned V1Size,
                            const Value *V2, unsigned V2Size);

  /// getMustAliases - If there are any pointers known that must alias this
  /// pointer, return them now.  This allows alias-set based alias analyses to
  /// perform a form a value numbering (which is exposed by load-vn).  If an
  /// alias analysis supports this, it should ADD any must aliased pointers to
  /// the specified vector.
  ///
  virtual void getMustAliases(Value *P, std::vector<Value*> &RetVals);

  /// pointsToConstantMemory - If the specified pointer is known to point into
  /// constant global memory, return true.  This allows disambiguation of store
  /// instructions from constant pointers.
  ///
  virtual bool pointsToConstantMemory(const Value *P);

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  /// Simple mod/ref information...
  ///

  /// ModRefResult - Represent the result of a mod/ref query.  Mod and Ref are
  /// bits which may be or'd together.
  ///
  enum ModRefResult { NoModRef = 0, Ref = 1, Mod = 2, ModRef = 3 };


  /// ModRefBehavior - Summary of how a function affects memory in the program.
  /// Loads from constant globals are not considered memory accesses for this
  /// interface.  Also, functions may freely modify stack space local to their
  /// invocation without having to report it through these interfaces.
  enum ModRefBehavior {
    // DoesNotAccessMemory - This function does not perform any non-local loads
    // or stores to memory.
    //
    // This property corresponds to the GCC 'const' attribute.
    DoesNotAccessMemory,

    // AccessesArguments - This function accesses function arguments in
    // non-volatile and well known ways, but does not access any other memory.
    //
    // Clients may call getArgumentAccesses to get specific information about
    // how pointer arguments are used.
    AccessesArguments,

    // AccessesArgumentsAndGlobals - This function has accesses function
    // arguments and global variables in non-volatile and well-known ways, but
    // does not access any other memory.
    //
    // Clients may call getArgumentAccesses to get specific information about
    // how pointer arguments and globals are used.
    AccessesArgumentsAndGlobals,

    // OnlyReadsMemory - This function does not perform any non-local stores or
    // volatile loads, but may read from any memory location.
    //
    // This property corresponds to the GCC 'pure' attribute.
    OnlyReadsMemory,

    // UnknownModRefBehavior - This indicates that the function could not be
    // classified into one of the behaviors above.
    UnknownModRefBehavior
  };

  /// PointerAccessInfo - This struct is used to return results for pointers,
  /// globals, and the return value of a function.
  struct PointerAccessInfo {
    /// V - The value this record corresponds to.  This may be an Argument for
    /// the function, a GlobalVariable, or null, corresponding to the return
    /// value for the function.
    Value *V;

    /// ModRefInfo - Whether the pointer is loaded or stored to/from.
    ///
    ModRefResult ModRefInfo;

    /// AccessType - Specific fine-grained access information for the argument.
    /// If none of these classifications is general enough, the
    /// getModRefBehavior method should not return AccessesArguments*.  If a
    /// record is not returned for a particular argument, the argument is never
    /// dead and never dereferenced.
    enum AccessType {
      /// ScalarAccess - The pointer is dereferenced.
      ///
      ScalarAccess,

      /// ArrayAccess - The pointer is indexed through as an array of elements.
      ///
      ArrayAccess,

      /// ElementAccess ?? P->F only?

      /// CallsThrough - Indirect calls are made through the specified function
      /// pointer.
      CallsThrough
    };
  };

  /// getModRefBehavior - Return the behavior when calling the given call site.
  ModRefBehavior getModRefBehavior(CallSite CS,
                                   std::vector<PointerAccessInfo> *Info = 0);

  /// getModRefBehavior - Return the behavior when calling the given function.
  /// For use when the call site is not known.
  ModRefBehavior getModRefBehavior(Function *F,
                                   std::vector<PointerAccessInfo> *Info = 0);

  /// doesNotAccessMemory - If the specified call is known to never read or
  /// write memory, return true.  If the call only reads from known-constant
  /// memory, it is also legal to return true.  Calls that unwind the stack
  /// are legal for this predicate.
  ///
  /// Many optimizations (such as CSE and LICM) can be performed on such calls
  /// without worrying about aliasing properties, and many calls have this
  /// property (e.g. calls to 'sin' and 'cos').
  ///
  /// This property corresponds to the GCC 'const' attribute.
  ///
  bool doesNotAccessMemory(CallSite CS) {
    return getModRefBehavior(CS) == DoesNotAccessMemory;
  }

  /// doesNotAccessMemory - If the specified function is known to never read or
  /// write memory, return true.  For use when the call site is not known.
  ///
  bool doesNotAccessMemory(Function *F) {
    return getModRefBehavior(F) == DoesNotAccessMemory;
  }

  /// onlyReadsMemory - If the specified call is known to only read from
  /// non-volatile memory (or not access memory at all), return true.  Calls
  /// that unwind the stack are legal for this predicate.
  ///
  /// This property allows many common optimizations to be performed in the
  /// absence of interfering store instructions, such as CSE of strlen calls.
  ///
  /// This property corresponds to the GCC 'pure' attribute.
  ///
  bool onlyReadsMemory(CallSite CS) {
    ModRefBehavior MRB = getModRefBehavior(CS);
    return MRB == DoesNotAccessMemory || MRB == OnlyReadsMemory;
  }

  /// onlyReadsMemory - If the specified function is known to only read from
  /// non-volatile memory (or not access memory at all), return true.  For use
  /// when the call site is not known.
  ///
  bool onlyReadsMemory(Function *F) {
    ModRefBehavior MRB = getModRefBehavior(F);
    return MRB == DoesNotAccessMemory || MRB == OnlyReadsMemory;
  }


  /// getModRefInfo - Return information about whether or not an instruction may
  /// read or write memory specified by the pointer operand.  An instruction
  /// that doesn't read or write memory may be trivially LICM'd for example.

  /// getModRefInfo (for call sites) - Return whether information about whether
  /// a particular call site modifies or reads the memory specified by the
  /// pointer.
  ///
  virtual ModRefResult getModRefInfo(CallSite CS, Value *P, unsigned Size);

  /// getModRefInfo - Return information about whether two call sites may refer
  /// to the same set of memory locations.  This function returns NoModRef if
  /// the two calls refer to disjoint memory locations, Ref if CS1 reads memory
  /// written by CS2, Mod if CS1 writes to memory read or written by CS2, or
  /// ModRef if CS1 might read or write memory accessed by CS2.
  ///
  virtual ModRefResult getModRefInfo(CallSite CS1, CallSite CS2);

  /// hasNoModRefInfoForCalls - Return true if the analysis has no mod/ref
  /// information for pairs of function calls (other than "pure" and "const"
  /// functions).  This can be used by clients to avoid many pointless queries.
  /// Remember that if you override this and chain to another analysis, you must
  /// make sure that it doesn't have mod/ref info either.
  ///
  virtual bool hasNoModRefInfoForCalls() const;

protected:
  /// getModRefBehavior - Return the behavior of the specified function if
  /// called from the specified call site.  The call site may be null in which
  /// case the most generic behavior of this function should be returned.
  virtual ModRefBehavior getModRefBehavior(Function *F, CallSite CS,
                                     std::vector<PointerAccessInfo> *Info = 0);

public:
  /// Convenience functions...
  ModRefResult getModRefInfo(LoadInst *L, Value *P, unsigned Size);
  ModRefResult getModRefInfo(StoreInst *S, Value *P, unsigned Size);
  ModRefResult getModRefInfo(CallInst *C, Value *P, unsigned Size) {
    return getModRefInfo(CallSite(C), P, Size);
  }
  ModRefResult getModRefInfo(InvokeInst *I, Value *P, unsigned Size) {
    return getModRefInfo(CallSite(I), P, Size);
  }
  ModRefResult getModRefInfo(VAArgInst* I, Value* P, unsigned Size) {
    return AliasAnalysis::ModRef;
  }
  ModRefResult getModRefInfo(Instruction *I, Value *P, unsigned Size) {
    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
    case Instruction::VAArg:  return getModRefInfo((VAArgInst*)I, P, Size);
    case Instruction::Load:   return getModRefInfo((LoadInst*)I, P, Size);
    case Instruction::Store:  return getModRefInfo((StoreInst*)I, P, Size);
    case Instruction::Call:   return getModRefInfo((CallInst*)I, P, Size);
    case Instruction::Invoke: return getModRefInfo((InvokeInst*)I, P, Size);
    default:                  return NoModRef;
    }
  }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  /// Higher level methods for querying mod/ref information.
  ///

  /// canBasicBlockModify - Return true if it is possible for execution of the
  /// specified basic block to modify the value pointed to by Ptr.
  ///
  bool canBasicBlockModify(const BasicBlock &BB, const Value *P, unsigned Size);

  /// canInstructionRangeModify - Return true if it is possible for the
  /// execution of the specified instructions to modify the value pointed to by
  /// Ptr.  The instructions to consider are all of the instructions in the
  /// range of [I1,I2] INCLUSIVE.  I1 and I2 must be in the same basic block.
  ///
  bool canInstructionRangeModify(const Instruction &I1, const Instruction &I2,
                                 const Value *Ptr, unsigned Size);

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  /// Methods that clients should call when they transform the program to allow
  /// alias analyses to update their internal data structures.  Note that these
  /// methods may be called on any instruction, regardless of whether or not
  /// they have pointer-analysis implications.
  ///

  /// deleteValue - This method should be called whenever an LLVM Value is
  /// deleted from the program, for example when an instruction is found to be
  /// redundant and is eliminated.
  ///
  virtual void deleteValue(Value *V);

  /// copyValue - This method should be used whenever a preexisting value in the
  /// program is copied or cloned, introducing a new value.  Note that analysis
  /// implementations should tolerate clients that use this method to introduce
  /// the same value multiple times: if the analysis already knows about a
  /// value, it should ignore the request.
  ///
  virtual void copyValue(Value *From, Value *To);

  /// replaceWithNewValue - This method is the obvious combination of the two
  /// above, and it provided as a helper to simplify client code.
  ///
  void replaceWithNewValue(Value *Old, Value *New) {
    copyValue(Old, New);
    deleteValue(Old);
  }
};

} // End llvm namespace

// Because of the way .a files work, we must force the BasicAA implementation to
// be pulled in if the AliasAnalysis header is included.  Otherwise we run
// the risk of AliasAnalysis being used, but the default implementation not
// being linked into the tool that uses it.
FORCE_DEFINING_FILE_TO_BE_LINKED(AliasAnalysis)
FORCE_DEFINING_FILE_TO_BE_LINKED(BasicAliasAnalysis)

#endif